1ArtificialIntelligence · The Global AI Ecosystem
The AI Center
The AI Center is 1ArtificialIntelligence's open map of the global AI ecosystem — definitions, the AI lifecycle, models, benchmarks, companies, standards, and the laws that govern artificial intelligence, each fact anchored to its named primary authority and stamped with its own as-of date.
It maps the ecosystem; it does not opine on it. Every statement names the authority it comes from, links to the source, and records when it was verified. Nothing here is advice, a ranking, or a forecast.
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8 references are live. Two explain the field and its process; four are living datasets refreshed as their sources change; two are directories pointing to the organisations and reports others publish. All are built to the same standard: a named authority behind every statement.
The AI Glossary
Every core AI term, defined by its named standards authority — the EU AI Act, ISO/IEC 22989, the OECD, NIST and canonical research, each entry linked and dated.
The AI Lifecycle
How an AI system moves from problem to production to retirement, stage by stage, mapped to the ISO/IEC lifecycle standards and the obligations of the EU AI Act.
AI Model Registry
Notable AI models — developer, release date, parameters and training compute — as recorded by Epoch AI, refreshed daily.
Standards & Assurance Directory
Which standard governs which part of the AI lifecycle, who publishes it, whether it can be certified against, and whether it is current.
Global AI Governance Register
For each of 15 jurisdictions plus 2 international agreements: the law or rule that governs AI, who enforces it, whether it binds you yet, and where to read the official text.
AI Companies, Labs & Research Institutions
Who builds and studies AI, and where each organisation publishes its own research, model documentation and data.
The State of AI
The recurring reports and measurement series the field turns to for the state of AI — named, described and linked to their publishers.
AI Act Harmonised Standards Tracker
Whether any standard yet carries a presumption of conformity under the EU AI Act, and where each European standardisation deliverable sits between drafting and citation in the Official Journal.
What the AI Center covers
The AI Center is organised around eight areas of the AI landscape. All eight now have a live surface; each names the authorities that govern it, and where an area's coverage is partial the page says so.
Governance, Regulation & Law
AI law jurisdiction by jurisdiction — what governs AI there, who enforces it, whether it binds you yet, and a link to the official text. This release covers 15 jurisdictions and 2 international agreements; every cell was checked against its primary source and dated.
Standards, Assurance, Risk & Audit
The assurance stack between an AI system and the people it affects — named standards, conformity assessment, audit and impact-assessment methods, and the documentation they require.
Technical Foundations & the Model Landscape
How modern AI is built, trained, run and measured — the model registry, and a directory of the organisations that build and study AI and where each publishes its own work.
Safety, Alignment & Security
A neutral, sourced switchboard to the authorities that govern serious AI risk — national and international safety institutes, the frontier developers' own safety frameworks, incident and harm databases, and adversarial-threat taxonomies.
Ethics, Rights & Society
Where AI meets rights rather than engineering — international conventions and UN frameworks, equality and data-protection regulators, the copyright and training-data record, rules on labelling synthetic content, and published work on AI and work, children and the environment.
AI in the Enterprise
What named supervisors require of organisations that deploy AI — model risk management, governance and accountability, third-party and outsourcing duties, and the conditions governments attach to buying and using AI.
AI by Industry
Sector by sector: which named authority governs AI and under which instrument — AI as a medical device, automated driving, hiring tools, credit and coverage decisions. Five sectors covered; the page names the ones it does not cover.
Infrastructure, Compute, Data & Economics
Where the numbers come from: the chips and clusters models are trained on, the electricity data centres draw, the export controls on advanced computing, and official measurement of AI investment, patents and adoption.
The AI Lifecycle — all 14 stages
The enumerated end-to-end walk of how an AI system moves from problem to production to retirement, each stage anchored to its governing standard and obligation. Jump to any stage.
Problem Framing & Intended Purpose
how an AI system's intended purpose is defined and documented, and how that purpose drives its risk classification under the EU AI Act.
Data Sourcing, Governance & Provenance
where training data comes from, the rights it is used under, and the data-governance duties of EU AI Act Article 10.
Data Preparation & Documentation
how data is labelled, cleaned and enriched, and the technical documentation required by EU AI Act Article 11 and Annex IV.
Model Design, Architecture & Training
architecture, training compute and the accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity duties of EU AI Act Article 15.
Evaluation & Benchmarking
how AI systems are evaluated and benchmarked, and what the EU AI Act requires be measured and declared.
Red-Teaming & Adversarial Assurance
adversarial testing and red-teaming, from the NIST taxonomy to the model-evaluation duties on general-purpose AI with systemic risk.
Risk Management & Fundamental-Rights Impact Assessment
the risk management system of EU AI Act Article 9 and the fundamental-rights impact assessment of Article 27.
Conformity Assessment & CE Marking
how a high-risk AI system is conformity-assessed and CE-marked under EU AI Act Articles 43 and 47 to 49.
Deployment & Provider/Deployer Obligations
what attaches at release — provider duties under EU AI Act Article 16, deployer duties under Article 26, and transparency under Article 50.
Human Oversight & Operation
keeping a deployed AI system under effective human control, and the oversight capabilities required by EU AI Act Article 14.
Post-Market Monitoring & Logging
monitoring an AI system in the field and the logging and record-keeping duties of EU AI Act Articles 72 and 12.
Incident Detection & Serious-Incident Reporting
what counts as a serious incident, the EU AI Act Article 73 reporting deadlines, and the public AI incident databases.
Change Management & Substantial Modification
when a change to a deployed AI system is a substantial modification that re-opens conformity assessment under EU AI Act Article 43(4).
Decommissioning & Retirement
withdrawal, recall and retirement of an AI system, and the records and logs that must outlast it.
How the AI Center works
- Every statement is anchored to a named primary authority — a standards body, binding legislation, an intergovernmental instrument, a national framework or canonical research — and linked to its source.
- Each fact carries its own as-of date. Freshness is recorded per statement and per dataset, not asserted as a single site-wide badge, because different sources change at different rates.
- The AI Center displays what authorities state; it does not interpret, rank or advise. Where a term carries distinct legal and technical meanings, each is recorded separately under its own authority.
- Content is structured so it can be read and cited precisely: question-shaped sections, self-contained answers, and machine-readable definitions and datasets.
- The AI Center is informational only and is not legal, compliance, technical or investment advice.
- Every correction we make to a published page is recorded, with what it used to say, what it says now, and how the error was found: https://1businessworld.com/ai-center/corrections/
How does the AI Center define an "AI system"?
The AI Center records the term as its named authorities define it. Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU AI Act) defines an AI system as "a machine-based system that is designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy and that may exhibit adaptiveness after deployment, and that, for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that can influence physical or virtual environments."
Recital 12 of the same Regulation states that the notion should be closely aligned with the work of international organisations working on artificial intelligence. The OECD Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449) and the international standard ISO/IEC 22989:2022 supply the two other anchoring definitions, and the AI Glossary records each of the three under its own authority. This is how every entry in the AI Center is built: the term, the definition, the authority that gives it, a link to the source, and the date it was verified.
Source: EU AI Act, Art. 3(1) and Recital 12 — Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 ↗
Which authorities does the AI Center draw on?
The AI Center anchors its statements to the bodies that define and govern artificial intelligence: international standards committees such as ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42, binding legislation such as the EU AI Act, intergovernmental instruments such as the OECD Recommendation on AI, and national frameworks such as the NIST AI Risk Management Framework.
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42, established in 2017, is the joint ISO and IEC committee responsible for standardisation in artificial intelligence, including ISO/IEC 22989:2022 on AI concepts and terminology. Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 sets binding definitions and obligations in EU law. The OECD Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence (OECD/LEGAL/0449) provides the intergovernmental definition of an AI system, and NIST publishes the AI Risk Management Framework (NIST AI 100-1). Each area of the AI Center names the specific authorities that govern it.
Source: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42 — Artificial intelligence (ISO committee page) ↗
How current is the information in the AI Center?
Each entry carries its own as-of date and is verified against the live source. Because laws and standards change, currency is recorded per statement rather than for the AI Center as a whole.
A worked example: the EU Digital Omnibus on AI was published as Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 in OJ L, 2026/1744 of 24 July 2026 and entered into force on 27 July 2026. It amends Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU AI Act), including Article 113 on application dates: the second paragraph, under which the Act applies from 2 August 2026, is unchanged, while Chapter III, Sections 1 to 3 (Articles 6 to 27, except Article 6(5)) apply from 2 December 2027 for systems that are high-risk under Article 6(2) and Annex III, and from 2 August 2028 for systems that are high-risk under Article 6(1) and Annex I. The AI Center therefore records the Act as Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, as amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, and each entry the amendment touches is re-dated to the day it was re-verified against the amended text. When an instrument's status changes, the affected entries are updated and re-dated.
Source: EU Digital Omnibus on AI — Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, OJ L, 2026/1744, 24 July 2026 ↗
The AI Center is informational only. It is provided by 1BusinessWorld strictly for general informational and educational purposes. Nothing in the AI Center constitutes, or should be construed as, legal, regulatory, compliance, technical, engineering, security, investment, financial, or other professional advice, or a recommendation, endorsement, solicitation, or offer regarding any technology, product, model, provider, framework, or course of action. 1BusinessWorld is not a law firm, regulatory authority, standards body, conformity-assessment or certification body, or investment adviser, and nothing in the AI Center creates any advisory, fiduciary, attorney-client, or other professional relationship with 1BusinessWorld. Although the AI Center references official materials published by legislatures, regulators, standards bodies, research organizations, and other named authorities, 1BusinessWorld makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or fitness for any purpose of any content, and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, disclaims all liability for any loss or damage of any kind arising directly or indirectly from the use of, or reliance on, any information presented. Laws, regulations, standards, technical practices, and AI capabilities change frequently and differ by jurisdiction; readers must verify all information against the current official text or source and consult qualified legal, compliance, technical, and other professional advisors before acting. Any decision relating to the development, deployment, procurement, or governance of AI systems is made solely at the reader's own risk. Last reviewed: July 26, 2026.